[169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Trc , FPT Capital ng k bn 1 triu c phiu TPB tng ng 0,063% vn iu l ngn hng. 4 min. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. [141] The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for publicprivate partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of state-owned water enterprises. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. Buddha park in Vientiane, Laos. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Today, it remains the unofficial tourist capital. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. Mapcarta, the open map. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. As a result, newly elected US president John F. Kennedy authorized the recruitment of ethnic minorities in Laos to participate in covert military operations against the spread of communism. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. Supply of foreign exchange has in the past been limited in Laos, which imposed a de facto limit on repatriation of capital. Xinhua That Luang Festival celebrated in Vientiane, Laos Candlelight parade surrounding the That Luang Stupa in Lao capital Vientiane on the night of Nov. 11, 2019. . Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). The International Monetary Fund ranked Laos 36th out of 42 Asian countries in 2018. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from . This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . Major religion Buddhism. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. [151] Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. This land area is approximately 59% of the area of California. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. Hanoi shares experience with Lao NA delegation. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . The restaurant serves a variety of local delicacies, such as Khao piak sen (a rice noodle soup), mok lao (an exotic coconut curry), and of course, Lao sausage. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Calculating U.S. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. [65] These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. [139]:8 Songthaews are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. Cities []. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a population of 6,492,228 in 2015. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. Population 6.7 million. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). [47] Between 1964 and 1973, the US dropped two million tons of bombs on Laos, nearly equal to the 2.1million tons of bombs the US dropped on Europe and Asia during all of World War II, making Laos the most heavily bombed country in history relative to the size of its population; The New York Times notes this was "nearly a ton for every person in Laos". Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. Tuy nhin, cng ty ch giao dch c 216.678 c phiu theo phng thc tha thun do cha t k vng v gi. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. Patuxay, Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in the morning at at Patuxai. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. Vientiane has a total area of 3,920 square km and an average elevation of 174 m. The city experiences a tropical savanna climate. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. Updated on November 19, 2021. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. Find professional Laos Capital videos and stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. [73] The officials were to participate in a ceremony to mark the liberation of the Plain of Jars from the former Royal Lao government forces. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. Pr-histria. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China's outsized . 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. The Patuxay was built in the heart of Lao capital during the 1950s and 1960s to commemorate martyrs who fought..View article. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. The Capital City of Laos (officially named Lao People's Democratic Republic) is the city of Vientiane.The population of Vientiane in the year 2007 was 6,521,998. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. Area 236,800 sq km (91,400 sq miles) Major languages Lao, French.
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