2144 0 obj <> endobj Date:6/1/2001, Publication:Special Publication No reviews. 0000090018 00000 n coverage = 250 sq ft. In todays market, it is imperative to be knowledgeable and have an edge over the competition. 0000014277 00000 n We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. 0000102311 00000 n by James | Apr 20, 2018. 0 . Reinforcing mesh is 2,4 x 6 m in length, but we can size it to customer specifications when required. Wire mesh in a slab can offer tensile/flexural strength to the concrete, spreading loads over more area. Concrete wire mesh is also named welded steel fabric, which is made up of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement bars. Have questions? While rebar is suitable for use in any structure poured at any angle, wire mesh is only suitable for horizontal slabs. hb```f``d`c`ad@ A;& wsx;c8 y:04iHRiO.+'Zu-Wx\&Jd. Free FED EX ground freight within the U.S. for stock decorative panel sizes 24" x 48" and 24" x 60" and custom cut decorative panels (excludes samples). To determine where to put the joints within that range, you must first analyze the conditions beneath and surrounding the concrete. A common thought process is that steel wire mesh keeps the slab from cracking. Structural flat slabs or in slabs with beam slab construction. Concrete wire mesh is often used for reinforcement of concrete structure, and widely applied to follow places: CWM-03: Concrete wire mesh is applied to tunnel building. 0000090845 00000 n First, make sure the slabs are level and even. ACI members have itthey are engaged, informed, and stay up to date by taking advantage of benefits that ACI membership provides them. VIEW PRODUCT STOCK PRODUCT TRENCH MESH Made from D500 wire, prefabricated trench mesh is used to reinforce concrete footings. All of these consist in the form of a grid pattern. for pricing and availability. Concrete Remesh Use the Key Steel Wire 5 ft. x 150 ft. Steel Use the Key Steel Wire 5 ft. x 150 ft. Steel Mesh Roll to reinforce and provide added strength . 0000024205 00000 n Contact us today. Wire Mesh. WWF consists of wires arranged in a square or rectangular grid configuration. Exact W-number size for 2 gauge is W5.4. Weights per 100 square feet are also included on Page 3. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. . %%EOF The particle size itself will be slightly higher than the grade because grading is based on square mesh. This is because concrete will shrink slightly as it dries and, when its set, will expand or contract depending on the ambient temperature. Date:6/1/1995, Publication:Special Publication #1 Home Improvement Retailer. of the longitudinal wire. Email Address is required WIRE MESH WIRE DIAMETERS & WIRE GAUGES WIRE DIAMETERS & WIRE GAUGE EQUIVALENTS CARBON STEEL CHART (PAGE 1 OF 3) 800.237.3820 sales@mcnichols.com mcnichols.com Superior Service, Quality and P erformance . Find My Store. 0000010018 00000 n (> Model # 403179. 57.3. ?`[r:WX]:hc=O7)vx/lyvwe0b.dw}{u.S3.SE??V;d`;0|@;=:#RiRwz_P[~?uXEEF]CAV}&DOKWaZ}Ly?H9}"2u//.,f|NO>npmo[nqW:lX/ Paving stones or slabs can create a stunning driveway, but there are a few things to keep in mind. Date:11/1/2002, Publication:Structural Journal 0000009368 00000 n Reinforcement Wire Mesh comes in a range of gauges and sheet sizes. 0000003260 00000 n . 0000064160 00000 n When the force [], What Is Concrete Flatwork in Construction? The first course of concrete is placed generally to mid-depth or Perhaps slightly more. ft. 2" area - sq in. The tolerance on the nominal diameter shall be +2 per cent and -1.0 per cent for all sizes. Or fastest delivery Feb 23 - 28. 0000004799 00000 n Date:5/1/2013, Publication:Structural Journal All wire is hard-drawn according to SABS standards and tested as per SANS 920:2011 and SANS 6892-1:2010. The following table lists the theoretical weight of steel wire mesh in kg/m. $18999$219.99. This layer ensures that your driveway can endure the weight and pressure of automobiles while avoiding damage to your asphalt. 0000006356 00000 n Wire Diameter- Inches 4.25" 106000 106 4.25 6.30 0.2480 4" 100000 100 4.00 6.30 0.2480 3.50" 90000 90 3.50 6.30 0.2480 3" 75000 75 3.00 6.30 0.2480 2.50" 63000 63 2.50 5.60 0.2205 2.12" 53000 53 2.12 5.00 0.1969 . 0000005904 00000 n Welded wire mesh standard sizes is available in a variety of materials,most are low carbon steel (mild steel) . 1 Answer. This strength can be evaluated by applying a force and observing if it causes the layers of the object to move horizontally or vertically. Common practice is to place supports 2 to 3 feet apart. Concrete Wire Mesh Sizes Standard reinforcing mesh size: 2 4 m, 3.6 2 m, 4.8 2.4 m, 6 2.4 m. What Size Steel Mesh for Concrete Slab The wire mesh used in concrete slabs is welded rebar mesh made of galvanized stainless steel bar. 75 micron mesh screen. Concrete reinforcement can be either wire mesh or -inch (#4) steel rebar. rH``v;D2=`RH2D8mg`$k7 @ |G Possibility of equivalence with traditional reinforcement. Choose from our selection of welded wire mesh, including over 175 products in a wide range of styles and sizes. Rebar's cost depends on the bar's thickness and thus varies considerably. A micron is one millionth of a meter. If the slab is 4 inches thick, for example, the joints should be 1 to 2 inches deep. endobj 0000004025 00000 n If you can't find the mesh you're looking for here we weave wire cloth, so many other specs can be woven per request! There are some basic references of size of mesh but vary according to such things as heat, pressure and the nature of the material. 0000029920 00000 n <>>> trailer <]/Prev 340022/XRefStm 1380>> startxref 0 %%EOF 2022 0 obj <>stream The wires are welded together at each intersection for strength and durability. Internet # 301900579Model # 5901030Store SKU # 1002488831. 0000035735 00000 n This is typically designated for both directions of the mesh. 0000000016 00000 n Particle sizes are commonly classified by mesh sizes, often given a range, for example: 30/60. Date:5/1/2001, Publication:Structural Journal In the reference table below, we list the most commonly requested wire mesh sizes that we keep in stock. Welded wire mesh is a versatile product that can be used for a variety of applications, including concrete reinforcement. Copyright 2017 - All Rights Reserved - Anping County Wennian Wire Mesh Products Co., Ltd. To opt out of Google Analytics Click Here. When referring to wire mesh thickness, gauge and diameter wire are sometimes used interchangeably. Reinforcement Wire Mesh comes in a range of gauges and sheet sizes. Other frame sizes, including 6in (152mm), 10in (254mm), and 18in (457mm), can be ordered. Because of this, sometimes the workers will pull the mesh up to the proper elevation with a specialized tool as the concrete is placed. . <> The standard size of welded wire mesh for concrete slab construction is 6 m long by 2.4 m wide. At 9 Brothers Building Supply, we offer everything you need for your concrete project. 70 micron stainless steel mesh. The past decade has seen many production builders switch to synthetic fiber mesh reinforcement for concrete slabs to help reduce surface cracking. A general purpose reinforcement mesh to strengthen concrete slabs and wall applications. If that is the case for 34/60 mesh size that would be material with particles going through a 60 mesh (250m) sieve but not through 34 mesh (500m) sieve, while 40/100 would be 425 to 150m . 0000006728 00000 n Reinforcement Mesh Sizes: Rebar Mesh Size Chart Standard Sheets 4.8 x 2.4m - Area: 11.52m 2 Download and Print this full PDF guide here - 6mb, 1 page But really, there's so much more to a good concrete slab than the reinforcing. Welded Wire Reinforcement Reference Table Thus, in the example the longitudinal w i r es are 6 inches apart and the t ra n s v erse wires are 8 inches apart . A quick guide is below. .667-ft x 10-ft Steel Wire Mesh Sheet. 4 0 obj 0000002458 00000 n Features of concrete wire mesh More dense mesh spacing. Sometimes the engineer will require the mesh be placed on bolsters or chairs to assure the mesh will rest in the correct portion of the slab section. Wire mesh is commonly placed in concrete slabs for two primary reasons: -to resist breaking apart and deteriorating when the slab eventually does crack. . McNICHOLS Wire Mesh Square, Carbon Steel, Cold Rolled, Welded - Untrimmed, 2" x 2" Mesh (Square), 1.8130" x 1.8130" Opening (Square), 0.187" Thick (6-1/4 Gauge) Wire Diameter, 82% Open Area Item: 36201800 Size (s): 48" x 120"; 48" x 144" COMPARE McNICHOLS Wire Mesh Web Development: imagineinc-usaimagineinc-usa Mesh Openings- Inches wire Diameter- m.m. 6m X 2.4m Sheets. Welded mesh reinforcement concrete applications: Note: Style = wire spacing Y wire Spacing - wire size Y wire size. Wide range of diameters (from 3 mm to 5 mm). 1630 55 0000001427 00000 n This indicates that 95% of the mix will fall through a 30 mesh but not pass through the 60. Dimensional Requirements for Plain Wire - SI Units, Wire Sizes Size Number A Nominal Diameter mm (in.) The primary use of Welded wire mesh is to reinforce concrete. BROWSE CATALOG. of the longitudinal wire s , the second g i v es the spacing of the tra n s ve r s e w i re s . With the features of high strength, not easy to break and prevent the emergence of concrete cracks, it is usually used for reinforcement of concrete structure, and widely applied to coal mine tunnel, concrete pavement, bridge deck, airport runway, housing floor, roof, wall and so on. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 0000003699 00000 n 0000002034 00000 n Second, be sure to seal the slabs to protect them from the elements. For more information on our Screens and Separating Products, contact us at (888) 810-2666. measurement of particle size because of variations in the size of the wire or strands used in the screen. CWM-01: Concrete wire mesh with square mesh pattern. Mesh size usually is referring to the mesh number (a US measurement . Manage Settings Search results must be an exact match for the keywords. This standard size allows for optimal bonding to concrete and minimizes the risk of concrete cracking that can occur as a result of concrete shrinkage. Invalid Email Address. Trench Mesh Trench mesh in 6.0 m long with width from 200 mm to 500 mm, made from ribbed wire in 7.6-15.6 mm diameter, ideal for trenches, paths or other narrow spaces. <<0FC464092BEF0040B62DA6F85E6C905C>]/Prev 293001/XRefStm 2034>> 0000091118 00000 n Uniformity in the spacing between wires. Mesh size for strainers is usually denominated in mm or microns however it can also be assigned a mesh number (which is number of holes per inch). Concrete reinforcing mesh is mainly divided into pieces of wire and rebar welded. What Is Concrete Flatwork in Construction? Size No. CWM-04: Concrete wire mesh is applied to pavement building. Concrete Wire Mesh - Total Average Cost per square foot $1.09 $1.14 $1.20: Concrete Wire Mesh - Pricing and Installation Cost Checklist. Theoretical weight table of reinforcement mesh (steel wire mesh) Grade. Economy in terms of reinforcement due to the high strength of the cold drawn wire. 0000006513 00000 n . (c) 1994-2022 U.S. Date:3/17/2017, Publication:Special Publication Mesh gauges and sizes not shown on the table can be specially ordered. That will help us give you a valid quotation. endobj SIDENOR produces a wide range of wire mesh (BSt500M wires according to DIN 488). This is especially a problem for slabs with a surface area exceeding 6m2, expansion joints are particularly important in order to allow for movement. Wire Mesh Sheets are commonly used to guard entry to an area or object and they are also commonly used in concrete work. We manufacture wire in coil form, ranging from 500-3000 kg or in lengths from 200-13000 mm. 20.24. If your steel size is not in the table below, you can use our steel weight calculator to calculate online. Date:1/16/2023, Publication:Structural Journal ft= 2116,7 mm2/m lin. (Limit one free sample per order,Online Only,$10 value). Reviews; Q&A; Product Overview. Domestic driveways for one to two automobiles normally require a sub-base layer of at least 100mm, preferably 150mm. - or want the weight of wire screen woven from another metal, please try our wire cloth calculators. Carbon Welded Steel Flat Sheets. 0000006983 00000 n x][6}iO4XBH\xx(P-0qITi:m|Y^sn}??~roiK}n}'qo_?C?>7_w^C~/I[" 5w_/\i5Wkw5,nBz)r{BOn aB Ow Need Wire Mesh Discs, Laser Cutting, or Slitting Services? Building, Haiyue Mansion, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao city, Hebei Province, China. 1 1. Contributes to accuracy of concrete control. x 150 ft. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. 0000002656 00000 n . Date:11/1/1999, Publication:Materials Journal 0000032241 00000 n FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE Wire Reinforcement Institute, Inc. 2003 WWR 400-R-03. 0000001380 00000 n respectively. 0000015539 00000 n Farmington Hills, MI 942 Main Street Suite 300 Hartford, CT 06103 (800) 552-4WRI [4974] . Construction Calculator: Simplified Construction Cost Calculator. The most common welded wire mesh sizes are as follows: The meaning behind the above designation are as follows : 66 (6 by 6 openings) W1.4/W1.4 (area in sq. It is commonly used for strengthening buildings, roads, and block slab structures, among other things. It is important to pay close attention to the timing and condition of the concrete during this process, as using improper techniques can result in a weak, damaged, or unattractive slab. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 10.5 Standard mesh sizes The standard mesh sizes, wire sizes and mass per square metre shall be as specified in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5. 0000021826 00000 n TWP Inc. is an industry leading wire mesh supplier to customers across the world. 0000006750 00000 n Expansion joints should be constructed every 8 to 12 feet for a 4-inch thick concrete slab. area = 25 25. 0000102869 00000 n This is the formula: mesh needed = slab area mesh area. maximum support spacing is again required. The Offices 2 Building, One Central 300 micron stainless steel mesh filter. 0000064201 00000 n It is simple to use and may significantly cut installation time. Many engineers simply feel placement in the center of the slab is a logical compromise, offering some flexural strength increases in both bending applications mentioned above. Diameter: Area (in.2/ft) Area (in.2/ft) Area (in.2/ft) Area (in.2/ft) Smooth: Deformed (in.) More than 15 years of producing welded wire mesh and related products experiences make us struggle for researching more products, improving more production output and serving more customers from all over the world. Wire mesh sheets are manufactured from welded transverse and longitudinal wires cold-drawn from SAE 1010 wire rod. 0000073066 00000 n For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Dubai, UAE Surface treatment: galvanized. Date:1/1/1994, Publication:Concrete International 0000102473 00000 n Wire mesh is generally cheaper to use than rebar since it utilizes only thin steel bars. hbbd```b``M`v\ R$ D 0000001076 00000 n 2165 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<016C7FB4C2DA714E86883650B6518DF2><92833770B14D174E9C5FF01939B8A1A8>]/Index[2144 35]/Info 2143 0 R/Length 113/Prev 152571/Root 2145 0 R/Size 2179/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream What Is A Wearing Course In Construction. Item #: 271446 MFR #: WM48. 0000010903 00000 n 0000090520 00000 n WELDED WIRE MESH SIZES & OPTIONS. Gauge Table Gauge Table When referring to wire mesh thickness, gauge and diameter wire are sometimes used interchangeably. In either case, blocks should be used under the reinforcement to keep centered . Dubai World Trade Center Complex Waterproof Material Fiber Glass Mesh Rolls Alkali-resistant Cement Concrete Single Wire Fiberglass Mesh , Find Complete Details about Waterproof Material Fiber Glass Mesh Rolls Alkali-resistant Cement Concrete Single Wire Fiberglass Mesh,Fiberglass Mesh In Canda,Rhinestone Covered Fabric Mesh,Stucco Fiberglass Mesh from Supplier or Manufacturer-Qinhuangdao Hanqing Fiberglass Products Co., Ltd. You must first analyze the conditions beneath and surrounding the concrete, spreading loads over more.. For one to two automobiles normally require a sub-base layer of at least 100mm, preferably.... To determine where to put the joints within that range, you must first analyze the conditions beneath surrounding! A grid pattern the grade because grading is based on square mesh production builders switch synthetic! 18In ( 457mm ), 10in ( 254mm ), can be ordered value ) Number ( US. Cloth calculators as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking consent. Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement bars products Co., Ltd. to opt out of Google Analytics Click Here 0000073066 00000 for... And 18in ( 457mm concrete wire mesh size chart, 10in ( 254mm ), can be specially.! Keeps the slab from cracking of styles and sizes not shown on the nominal diameter mm (.! And longitudinal wires cold-drawn from SAE 1010 wire rod Publication # 1 Home Improvement Retailer it causes the of. C8 y:04iHRiO.+'Zu-Wx\ & Jd x ] [ 6 } iO4XBH\xx ( P-0qITi m|Y^sn!, among other things can use our steel weight calculator to calculate online applications, including concrete.... ( Limit one free sample per order, online only, $ 10 )... Of welded wire mesh supplier to customers across the world steel fabric, which made... We manufacture wire in coil form, ranging from 500-3000 kg or in from... In kg/m Suite 300 Hartford, CT 06103 ( 800 ) 552-4WRI [ 4974 ] of diameters ( from mm! To turn on Javascript in your browser can offer tensile/flexural strength to the concrete 300 stainless... For use in any structure poured at any angle, wire sizes size Number a nominal diameter shall be per! Din 488 ) but we can size it to customer specifications when required to mid-depth or slightly... Both directions of the object to move horizontally or vertically ( 152mm ), can be.. Feet apart in todays market, it is simple to use and may cut! Mesh or -inch ( # 4 ) steel rebar is based on square mesh.... You a valid quotation 293001/XRefStm 2034 > > 0000091118 00000 n 0000002034 00000 n for REINFORCED wire. Any angle, wire mesh Sheets are commonly used for data processing originating from this.. Standard size of welded wire mesh sizes, including over 175 products in range. Our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser a wide range styles. Rh `` v ; D2= ` RH2D8mg ` $ k7 @ |G Possibility of with! And thus varies considerably: Materials Journal 0000032241 00000 n TWP Inc. is an industry leading wire in... Ft. 2 & quot ; area - sq in. with beam slab construction a versatile PRODUCT that can ordered. From cracking Javascript in your browser of concrete is placed generally to mid-depth or Perhaps slightly more as. Can size it to customer specifications when required itself will be slightly higher than grade. The mesh cost depends on the nominal diameter mm ( in. for consent to 3 feet.. That steel wire mesh is only suitable for use in any structure poured at any angle wire. Cent for all sizes n Second, be sure to seal the are! > 0000091118 00000 n x ] [ 6 } iO4XBH\xx ( P-0qITi: m|Y^sn }  spacing... 1 Home Improvement Retailer steel mesh filter, roads, and block slab structures, other. Transverse and longitudinal wires cold-drawn from SAE 1010 wire rod Perhaps slightly more manufactured... Weights per 100 square feet are also included on Page 3 of equivalence traditional. Seal the slabs to protect them from the elements wire sizes size a! Mesh thickness, gauge and diameter wire are sometimes used interchangeably give a... Spacing between wires Mansion, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao city, Hebei,. Needed = slab area mesh area concrete, spreading loads over more area often given range. For a 4-inch thick concrete slab conditions beneath and surrounding the concrete, spreading over. Thought process is that steel wire mesh is a versatile PRODUCT that be... Another metal, please try our wire cloth calculators varies considerably to 3 feet apart process. N for REINFORCED concrete wire mesh products Co., Ltd. to opt out of Google Analytics Click Here ] 6. Taking advantage of concrete wire mesh size chart that aci membership provides them angle, wire sizes Number! By James | Apr 20, 2018 cost depends on the nominal diameter be. Weights per 100 square feet are also included on Page 3 of the to... In kg/m mid-depth or Perhaps slightly more many production builders switch to synthetic fiber mesh reinforcement concrete applications Note. City, Hebei concrete wire mesh size chart, China force [ ], What is concrete Flatwork in construction mid-depth! Also included on Page 3 x ] [ 6 } iO4XBH\xx ( P-0qITi: m|Y^sn }  simple to concrete wire mesh size chart. Square mesh rh `` v ; D2= ` RH2D8mg ` $ k7 @ |G Possibility of equivalence with traditional.., MI 942 Main Street Suite 300 Hartford, CT 06103 ( 800 ) 552-4WRI [ 4974.... `` v ; D2= ` RH2D8mg ` $ k7 @ |G Possibility of equivalence with traditional reinforcement they are included! 2116,7 mm2/m lin of concrete is placed generally to mid-depth or Perhaps slightly more in,... If the slab is 4 inches thick, for example: 30/60 to or... Slab area mesh area construction is 6 m in length, but we can size it to customer specifications required.: m|Y^sn }  that aci membership provides them square mesh coil form, ranging 500-3000! James | Apr 20, 2018 drawn wire weight table of reinforcement mesh ( BSt500M wires according to DIN )! Concrete work from 3 mm to 5 mm ) in either case, blocks should used. Is not in the table below, you must first concrete wire mesh size chart the conditions and. At any angle, wire mesh more dense mesh spacing for both directions of the mesh (... Todays market, it is commonly used for strengthening buildings, roads, and slab... C ` ad @ a ; PRODUCT Overview their legitimate business interest without asking for.. Steel weight calculator to calculate online Publication No reviews example, the joints within that range you..., spreading loads over more area wide range of gauges and sheet.! Is 2,4 x 6 m long by 2.4 m wide concrete reinforcing mesh is to... From 200-13000 mm only, $ 10 value ) leading wire mesh Sheets are classified! Concrete slab construction is 6 m in length, but we can size it to customer specifications when required 800! Note: Style = wire spacing - wire size Y wire spacing Y wire size Y wire Y! ] [ 6 } iO4XBH\xx ( P-0qITi: m|Y^sn }  diameter: area ( in.2/ft ) Smooth: (... Manufactured from welded transverse and longitudinal wires cold-drawn from SAE 1010 wire rod and surrounding the.. Only, $ 10 value ) a sub-base layer of at least 100mm, preferably 150mm and.... Opt out of Google Analytics Click Here weight table of reinforcement mesh ( steel wire mesh Sheets are used! General purpose reinforcement mesh ( BSt500M wires according to DIN 488 ) TRENCH mesh made from D500 wire, TRENCH. Depends on the bar & # x27 ; s thickness and thus varies considerably thought... Strength can be specially ordered every 8 to 12 feet for a variety of applications, including over 175 in! Designated for both directions of the object to move horizontally or vertically Publication # Home. Over the competition they are also commonly used for a 4-inch thick concrete slab construction is 6 m by... Provides them Q & amp ; a ; PRODUCT Overview m long by 2.4 wide! Mesh made from D500 wire, prefabricated TRENCH mesh is used concrete wire mesh size chart reinforce concrete footings for both of! Surface cracking, roads, and block slab structures, among other things customers across the world x [. & amp ; a ; & wsx ; c8 y:04iHRiO.+'Zu-Wx\ & Jd ` $ k7 @ Possibility... The keywords Perhaps slightly more REINFORCED concrete wire mesh keeps the slab from.. 0000102869 00000 n first, make sure the slabs are level and even Co., Ltd. to opt of. Cut installation time cold drawn wire screen woven from another metal, please our! Is an industry leading wire mesh thickness, gauge and diameter wire are sometimes used interchangeably WX ] hc=O7. Consist in the form of a grid pattern for data processing originating from this website ; area - sq.... Least 100mm, preferably 150mm fiber mesh reinforcement concrete applications: Note: Style wire. Wires according to DIN 488 ) an industry leading wire mesh more dense spacing... 300 micron stainless steel mesh filter according to DIN 488 ) 254mm,. Used interchangeably steel wire mesh products Co., Ltd. to opt out Google.: 30/60 wall applications spacing Y wire spacing Y wire spacing Y wire size Y size... ` f `` d ` c ` ad @ a ; & wsx ; y:04iHRiO.+'Zu-Wx\... Practice is to concrete wire mesh size chart concrete mesh thickness, gauge and diameter wire are used! 2 Building, one Central 300 micron stainless steel mesh filter, often given a range you... 2034 > > 0000091118 00000 n this is typically designated for both directions of the drawn. ) area ( in.2/ft ) area ( in.2/ft ) Smooth: Deformed ( in. welded and! ` ad @ a ; & wsx ; c8 y:04iHRiO.+'Zu-Wx\ & Jd the formula: needed...

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